🔬 General Surgery
UPSC CMS Surgery Questions
General Surgery is a major component of UPSC CMS Paper II, covering a wide range of surgical topics from acute abdomen to oncology, trauma, orthopaedics, and post-operative management.
About Surgery in UPSC CMS
UPSC CMS Paper II covers General Surgery, OBG, and PSM. Surgery questions focus on clinical diagnosis, pre-operative assessment, surgical anatomy, operative details, and post-operative complications. Many questions are scenario-based, requiring the candidate to decide the next best step in management.
The primary reference is Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery. Questions from 2020–2025 show a consistent emphasis on clinical reasoning over rote learning.
Important Surgery Topics for UPSC CMS
✨ High-Yield Areas
Acute Abdomen: Appendicitis, acute pancreatitis (severity scoring, management), cholecystitis, bowel obstruction (small vs large, management principles), peritonitis.
GI Surgery: Peptic ulcer disease (surgical indications), GI bleeding (upper vs lower, endoscopic management), carcinoma stomach, carcinoma colon, rectal cancer (surgical approaches).
Hepatobiliary: Cholelithiasis and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, obstructive jaundice workup, liver abscess (amoebic vs pyogenic), portal hypertension and oesophageal varices.
Hernia: Inguinal hernia anatomy, femoral hernia, incisional hernia, strangulation and reduction, mesh repair principles.
Breast Surgery: Breast cancer (staging, surgical options, sentinel node biopsy), benign breast diseases, breast abscess.
Thyroid and Parathyroid: Thyroid nodule workup, thyroid cancer types and management, thyroidectomy complications, hyperparathyroidism.
Vascular Surgery: Peripheral arterial disease, acute limb ischaemia, varicose veins, aortic aneurysm.
Trauma: ATLS principles, trauma scoring, abdominal trauma management, orthopaedic trauma basics, burns classification and management.
Orthopaedics: Fracture classification and management, compartment syndrome, dislocations, common orthopaedic conditions (frozen shoulder, carpal tunnel, spine disorders).
GI Surgery: Peptic ulcer disease (surgical indications), GI bleeding (upper vs lower, endoscopic management), carcinoma stomach, carcinoma colon, rectal cancer (surgical approaches).
Hepatobiliary: Cholelithiasis and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, obstructive jaundice workup, liver abscess (amoebic vs pyogenic), portal hypertension and oesophageal varices.
Hernia: Inguinal hernia anatomy, femoral hernia, incisional hernia, strangulation and reduction, mesh repair principles.
Breast Surgery: Breast cancer (staging, surgical options, sentinel node biopsy), benign breast diseases, breast abscess.
Thyroid and Parathyroid: Thyroid nodule workup, thyroid cancer types and management, thyroidectomy complications, hyperparathyroidism.
Vascular Surgery: Peripheral arterial disease, acute limb ischaemia, varicose veins, aortic aneurysm.
Trauma: ATLS principles, trauma scoring, abdominal trauma management, orthopaedic trauma basics, burns classification and management.
Orthopaedics: Fracture classification and management, compartment syndrome, dislocations, common orthopaedic conditions (frozen shoulder, carpal tunnel, spine disorders).
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